Καμηλαύκιον/Καμελαύκιον (Kamelaukion) (by John Dandoulakis MA - military historian)

 The kamelaukion is a term that appears in 10th century greek literature and it is explained to be a hat made of felt dyed in purple red. For this reason it was also called φοινικίς-δα (foinikes-da) because purple dye was also known as φοίνις-δα (foines-da).

 The kamelaukion took its name from resembling the hunchback of a camel, as this was the shape the hat originally had. The kamelaukion may have -or may have not- originated from the pannonian cap. In it's original period (10th-12th c) it was red and worn mostly by military officers. Over the centuries it's colour, shape and use changed, being worn widely by officials of all levels. 

In post-byzantine times the term itself suffered an anagramatism and came to be called "καλυμμαύχιον" known most distinctively for it's use by the Greek Orthodox clergy.